They do love areas with moist or wet soil with good drainage if available. The most common broad-leaf tree in British Columbia; medium sized and grows up to 24 meters tall. Red Alders are the largest species of their genus, growing to 30 m tall. Because of its oily smoke, A. rubra is the wood of choice for smoking salmon. are found in the Betulaceae (birch family). The cones are similar in size to the female catkins and stay on the tree throughout winter. Red alder shows rapid juvenile growth, but is relatively short-lived — usually decadent at 40 years and rarely older than 60 years. The flowers are small and creamy white clustered along a flower stalk (like a bottle-brush). It makes a wind firm and pleasant looking edge to coniferous mono cultures. The trees are medium-sized, reaching various heights from 15 to 30 meters tall when mature. A red alder tree falling over into a stream creates hiding places for young salmon. Beaver occasionally eat the bark, though it is not a preferred species. [7], Alnus rubra grows from southeast Alaska south to central coastal California, nearly always within about 200 km (120 mi) of the Pacific coast, except for an extension 600 km (370 mi) inland across Washington and Oregon into northernmost Montana. Red alder are mature at 60 to … The name derives from the bright rusty red color that develops in bruised or scraped bark. The small brownish cones of the red alder are the fruit of the tree that remain over the winter months. The male flowers are dangling reddish catkins 10 to 15 cm (3.9 to 5.9 in) long in early spring. tenuifolia). Red Alder: This is the largest species that can grow to nearly 80 feet at its peak. It is a slender, elegant tree with a neat, cone shaped canopy unlike some other Alders, it doesn't tend to produce suckers. The branches are red-brown, the buds are reddish brown, narrow and pointed. No need to register, buy now! ANIMAL USES. Furlow, J. The male and female flowers appear before the leaves and produce male and female hanging catkins. It is distinguished from White Alder (A. rhombifolia) which has leaves that are green to yellow-green above and paler green below, and margins that are finely serrated or doubly serrated and not revolute. It is a short-lived tree with rapid growth in the first years. Common Name(s): Red alder, western red alder. Other articles where Red alder is discussed: alder: …North American alders are the red alder (A. rubra, or A. oregona), a tall tree whose leaves have rusty hairs on their lower surfaces; the white, or Sierra, alder (A. rhombifolia), an early-flowering tree with orange-red twigs and buds; the speckled alder (A. rugosa), a small tree with conspicuous whitish,… is a deciduous broadleaf tree native to western North America (Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho and Montana). Fallen alder logs make a dark, moist den for invertebrates, small mammals, and amphibians. Alders add nitrogen to the soil in the manner of legumes, and decomposing alder leaves improve soil structure. Alder trees and shrubs (Alnus spp.) A tall evergreen tree that naturally occurs in watercourses and damp areas in South Africa. Alder leaves, shed in the fall, decay readily to form a nitrogen-enriched humus. Alder is frequently used by Native Americans for making masks, bowls, tool handles, and other small goods. The Alder's orange-red sap is … The leaves on a red alder are tightly rolled under along the edges, while those on a white alder are more flat. sinuata), and east of the Cascade Mountains by thinleaf alder (Alnus incana subsp. in diameter (70 in. The average tree can grow up to 80 feet (24.3 m), obtaining nearly half its potential height in the first five years of life. French name: Aulne rouge Synonym(s): Oregon alder , western alder Taxonomic Serial Number: 19474 183515 [syn. Latin name: Alnus rubra Bong. In the Landscape: Although many consider Red Alder a “weed” tree because it will often invade landscapes, this tree is the first choice for ecological restoration. The seeds develop between the woody bracts of the 'cones' and are shed in late autumn and winter. Scientific Name: Alnus rubra. Almost all of them are deciduous. The Red Alder is botanically called Alnus rubra. The tree likes sun to half-shade at the location and the soil should be sandy to loamy. Janka Hardness: 590 lb f … Red alder is a medium-sized broadleaf tree that grows up to 24 metres. This species is called red alder because the scraped or bruised tree barks develop a bright rusty reddish hue. The leaves are ovate, pointed, and is about 15 cm (5.9 in) long. Red alder wood is moderately dense, and uniformly textured. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. Average Dried Weight: 28 lbs/ft 3 (450 kg/m 3) Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.37, 0.45. Red alder is associated with coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii subsp. The Red Alder is a medium sized tree, usually reaching 45-50ft but it in ideal conditions can be up to 90 ft. – alder Species: Alnus rubra Bong. [5][8], In southern Alaska, western British Columbia and the northwestern Coast Ranges of the United States, red alder grows on cool and moist slopes; inland and at the southern end of its range (California) it grows mostly along the margins of watercourses and wetlands.[9]. The lateral buds stick out. Red alder is a medium-sized (<40 m tall), deciduous broad-leaved tree at maturity with a narrow rounded crown, straight, slightly tapered stem, and smooth, light gray bark. The leaf margin is serrated and the leaf arrangement is alternate. Alnus rubra is quite decorative in spring, when the bare branches are festooned with long red … (1979). In the open, its crown starts near the ground, giving it a broad cone shape. but due to its workability and ease of finishing it is increasingly used for furniture and cabinetry. The oval-shaped leaves have pointed tips and coarsely toothed edges that tend to curl under. overview leaves | overview blossomsoverview fruit | overview trunkoverview winter | overview trees, back to trees by common name | trees by botanical name | conifers by common name | conifers by botanical name | German: baumportal.de, © Jost Benning | Imprint | jowaca digital solutions. Red alder is the Pacific Northwest's largest alder and the most plentiful and commercially important broad-leaved tree in the coastal Northwest. If planted domestically, alders should be planted well away from drainpipes, sewage pipes, and water lines, as the roots may invade and clog the lines[citation needed]. Range: Alaska to California. Red alder is a member of the Betulaceae family. rubra: Latin, red; inner bark is orange-red so wounds turn red. red alder General Information; Symbol: ALRU2 Group: Dicot ... Perennial: Growth Habit: Tree: Native Status: AK N CAN N L48 N: Characteristics: Plant Guide. Alder is monoecious, meaning each tree bears both male and female flowers. Alder leaves are shed while still green. Nurse stands of red alder may also reduce spruce weevil damage in Sitka spruce stands on the Olympic Peninsula [17] Alder continues to attract interest as log values approach and often exceed those of Douglas-fir. [12], Additionally, red alder is often used by scientists as a biomonitoring organism to locate areas prone to ozone pollution, as the leaves react to the presence of high ozone levels by developing red to brown or purple discolorations.[13]. Tree Magick by Gillian Kemp . The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be up to 30 m (99 ft) high. Alnus rubra hosts the nitrogen fixing actinomycete Frankia in nodules on roots. Red Alder Tree, Vancouver Island, to learn more about Vancouver Island, visit http://www.askbud.ca These fast-growing trees often grow 1 meter per year until 20 years of age. Because it is softer than other popular hardwoods such as maple, walnut and ash, historically alder has not been considered of high value for timber. Alder bark is thin and gray, and although smooth, often has an abundant growth of lichens of several genera. Red alder also shows population differentiation on a fine scale (Ager 1987), apparently in response to climate-related selection pressures. It is easily worked, glues well, and takes a good finish. The leaves are ovoid and the flowers are yellowish. A. oregona Nutt.] Red alder is occasionally used as a rotation crop to discourage the conifer root pathogen Phellinus weirii (Laminated root rot). Rhodora, v81-825: 1-248. Such areas may host several hundred thousand to several million seedlings per hectare in the first year after landscape disturbance.[10]. It is used for firewood and specialty products. Red alder is a deciduous hardwood tree which can be found all along the Oregon coast. In the world of musical instrument construction, red alder is valued by some electric guitar / electric bass builders for its balanced tonality. Zone 0; Zone 1; Zone 2; Zone 3; Zone 4; Zone 5; Zone 6; Zone 7; Zone 8; Zone 9; A hardiness zone is a geographically defined area where a given plant is capable of growing. Native: Introduced: Both ... Alnus Mill. As these trees mature, they develop tapered trunks which grow up to form a huge, round crown. Red Alder Overview. Several finches eat alder seeds, notably common redpoll and pine siskin, and as do deer mice. However it is now becoming one of the more popular hardwood alternatives as it is economically priced compared to many other hardwoods. The official tallest red alder (1979) stands 32 m (105 ft) tall in Clatsop County, Oregon (US). To distinguish red alder trees from their counterparts, it is important to note that they are a broad-leaf tree with a medium size and the ability to grow up to 24 meters. Along streambanks it is commonly associated with willows (Salix spp. This association allows alder to grow in nitrogen-poor soils. Habitat & Range Red alder is found in open areas, including areas of recent disturbance, like clearings, slide paths, or along streambanks. Red alder flowers grow on catkins; the male catkins are 5-12 cm long, while the female ones only reach 2 cm. If the roots are established, they can tolerate a little drought. Eight species of alder are native to North America; Oregon has four: red, white, Sitka, and thinleaf, but only two commonly reach tree size - and only red alder … It is a thin tree with a smooth gray bark often mottled by patches of white or encrusted with lichen. Red Alder wood is soft and even-grained and is used particularly for firewood, but Native Americans have used it for a variety of small items such as bowls and rattles. in length, the female flowers are much smaller in size, and are red, erect and cone-like in shape. [2][5][6], Red alder is the largest species of alder in North America and one of the largest in the world, reaching heights of 20 to 30 m (66 to 98 ft). 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194598A2351803.en, Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map, "The value of red alder as an integrated pest management tool for controlling weevil damage to sitka spruce", Red alder management: Silviculture to marketing, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alnus_rubra&oldid=982919885, Trees of the West Coast of the United States, Articles with incomplete citations from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from April 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 October 2020, at 05:12. Red Alder trees, Alnus rubra, will grow vigorously in very wet soil, but they do need full sun. Alnus rubra, the red alder,[3][4] You can distinguish these two trees by their leaves. Provenances of red alder from the Cascade Mountains and British Columbia do well here. In addition to adding soil nitrogen, rotations of red alder are used to reduce laminated root rot (Phellinus weirii) in Douglas-fir forests. Red alder is the tallest of the native alder species. The bark is mottled, ashy-gray and smooth, often colonized by white lichen and moss. Therefore, it appears This self-fertilizing trait allows red alder to grow rapidly, and makes it effective in covering disturbed and/or degraded land, such as mine spoils. © Jost Benning 2004 - 2020 Imprint privacy statement App-view, turn device for web-view. Tall evergreen tree that grows up to 24 metres female flowers appear before the leaves are ovoid and flowers. 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( US ) tips and coarsely toothed edges that tend to curl under if available a! For web-view for its balanced tonality other hardwoods more shrub-like sitka alder: this is the one... Branches are red-brown, the female ones only reach 2 cm have pointed tips and coarsely toothed that! In Canada to a narrow band within 150 km of the tree likes to... The male flowers ( catkins ) are strikingly long, while the female catkins are 5-12 cm long, those! Fix atmospher-ic nitrogen, thereby enriching the soils for more climax tree.!
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